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1992-2010. During the Russian-Turkish War of 17871792,[33] on 25 September 1789, a detachment of Russian forces, including Zaporozhian Cossacks under Alexander Suvorov and Ivan Gudovich, took Khadjibey and Yeni Dnya for the Russian Empire. In 1866, the city was linked by rail with Kyiv and Kharkiv as well as with Iai in Romania. The Passage galleries, one of the city's landmarks. During the Soviet period, it was an important trading port and a naval base. [111], Janka Bryl (1917 2006), Belarusian writer, was born in Odesa.[112]. Vladimir de Pachmann (18481933) a pianist of Russian-German ethnicity noted for performing the works of Chopin, was from Odesa. The territory of the Odesa Oblast passed to Russian control in 1791 in the course of the Russian southern expansion towards the Black Sea at the end of the 18th century. . Kostyantyn Mykolayovych Bocharov (born 1997), better known by his stage name Mlovin is a native of Odesa. [9] Colonists of various ethnicities settled mainly in the area of the former colony, outside of the official boundaries, and as a consequence, in the first third of the 19th century, Moldavanka emerged as the dominant settlement. In the 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum 85.38% of Odesa Oblast voted for independence.[56]. Chess player Efim Geller was born in the city. ", "Ukrainian Municipal Survey, March 220, 2015", "Seventh Ukrainian Municipal Survey, May 12June 3, 2021", " Weekly . A Soviet medal, "For the Defence of Odessa", was established on 22 December 1942. Sidney Reilly (ca.18731925), who was employed by William Melville (18501918) as one of the first spies of the British Secret Service Bureau, was a native Odesan. [citation needed]. [120] In 2003 this sector recorded a total revenue of 189.2 million UAH. Since the middle of the 13th century the city's territory belonged to the Golden Horde domain. In 1937 the Central Executive Committee of the USSR split off the eastern portions of the Odesa Oblast to form the Mykolaiv Oblast. During the tsarist era, Odesa's climate was considered to be beneficial for the body, and thus many wealthy but sickly persons were sent to the city in order to relax and recuperate. Certificate "For taking part in the heroic defense of Odessa" Logvinov Petr Leontievich was awarded the Medal for the Defense of Odesa. Khadjibey was first mentioned in 1415 in Polish chronicles by Jan Dugosz, when a ship with grain sailed from there to Constantinople. ), Dnistryansky, .S. Tavria-V is the biggest private company and the biggest tax payer. One of the most prominent pre-war Soviet writers, Valentin Kataev, was born here and began his writing career as early as high school (gymnasia). [38], The Flemish engineer working for the Russian Empress Catherine the Great, Jos de Ribas's collaborator Franz de Voland recommended the area of Khadjibey fortress as the site for the region's basic port: it had an ice-free harbor, breakwaters could be cheaply constructed that would render the harbor safe and it would have the capacity to accommodate large fleets. Ze'ev Jabotinsky (18801940), was born in Odesa, and largely developed his version of Zionism there in the early 1920s. The Namestnik of Yekaterinoslav and Voznesensk, Platon Zubov (one of Catherine's favorites), supported this proposal. 011 91 124 503 1234. The new city quickly became a major success although initially, it received little state funding and privileges. Terminalbetreiber in Estland gekauft. (2006) = . [25][26][27][28] Odessa, meanwhile, is the literal transliteration of the city's Russian name, which was historically favoured until Ukraine's independence (similarly to the spelling of "Kyiv" versus "Kiev"). Many Odesan Jews fled abroad after 1882, particularly to the Ottoman region that became Palestine, and the city became an important base of support for Zionism. It has also produced many musicians, including the violinists Nathan Milstein, David Oistrakh and Igor Oistrakh, Boris Goldstein, Zakhar Bron and pianists Sviatoslav Richter, Benno Moiseiwitsch, Vladimir de Pachmann, Shura Cherkassky, Emil Gilels, Maria Grinberg, Simon Barere, Leo Podolsky and Yakov Zak. Archeological evidence of the period of the 9th14th centuries survives in materials from the settlements and cities of Kievan Rus': Belgorod, Caffa- Theodosia, and Berezan Island. It is characterised by largely flat steppes part of the Black Sea Lowland divided by the estuary of the Dniester river, and bordered to the south by the Danube. The main professional football club in the city is FC Chornomorets Odesa, who play in the Ukrainian Premier League. The second football team in Odesa is FC Odesa. [17]:7, However, adjacent to the new official locality, a Moldavian colony already existed, which by the end of the 18th century was an independent settlement named Moldavanka. [33] On Italian navigational maps of 14th century on the place of Odesa is indicated the castle of Ginestra, at the time the center of a Gazarian colony of the Republic of Genoa. The culture of Scythian tribes inhabiting the Black Sea littoral steppes in the first millennium B.C. [33] In the mid-18th century, the Ottomans rebuilt the fortress at Khadjibey (also known as Hocabey), which was named Yeni Dnya[33] (literally "New World"). The city currently covers a territory of 162.42km2 (63sqmi). [4] In Kyiv, Utochkin was demonstrating his piloting skills in front of some 50,000 people, among which was a future creator of helicopters Igor Sikorsky. Through most of the 19th century and until the mid 20th century, the largest ethnic group in Odesa was Russians, with the second largest ethnic group being Jews.[84]. The Orthodox community of Odesa Oblast is divided as follows: Until 2020, the Odesa Oblast was administratively subdivided into 26 raions (districts) and 7 municipalities which were directly subordinate to the oblast government (Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Chornomorsk, Izmail, Podilsk, Teplodar, Yuzhne and the administrative centre of the oblast, Odesa). Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate, "Zelensky fired Marchenko, Haidai and Hamalia from the positions of ODA leaders", "Republic of Moldavia an Intermezzo on the Signing and the Ratification of the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages", " , ", Results of the 2001 All-Ukrainian population census for the Odesa Region, "Religious preferences of the population of Ukraine", " , 1 2015 - 2015 ", " . It is owned by local land and agriculture tycoon Viktor A. Dobrianskyi and three partners of his. has left artefacts in settlements and burial grounds, including weapons, bronze cauldrons, other utensils, and adornments. [11] It has the highest proportion of Jews of any oblast in Ukraine (although smaller than the Autonomous City of Kyiv) and there is a small Greek community in the city of Odesa. Fine Arts museum is the biggest art gallery in the city, which collection includes canvas mostly of Russian painters from 17th-21st centuries, icon collection and modern art. Odesa's largest park, Shevchenko Park (previously Alexander Park), was founded in 1875, during a visit to the city by Emperor Alexander II. [39], Under Paul I of Russia, construction of Odesa was stopped, Franz de Voland was removed from the project, and Jos de Ribas was implicated in a plot to assassinate the Emperor. Electric tramway started to operate on 22 August 1907. With regard to primary and secondary education, Odesa has many schools catering for all ages from kindergarten through to lyceum (final secondary school level) age. [64] On April 23, 2022, Russian troops bombarded Odesa with cruise missiles. There are a number of monuments and memorials in the park, one of which is dedicated to the park's namesake, the Ukrainian national poet Taras Shevchenko. [100] Other museums in the city include the Odesa Archeological Museum, which is housed in a neoclassical building, the Odesa Numismatics Museum, the Odesa Museum of the Regional History, Museum of Heroic Defense of Odesa (411th Battery). The Odesa Seaport is located on an artificial stretch of the Black Sea coast, along with the north-western part of the Gulf of Odesa. [47] Pogroms were carried out in 1821, 1859, 1871, 1881 and 1905. 4-power scope. Basketball is also a prominent sport in Odesa, with BC Odesa representing the city in the Ukrainian Basketball League, the highest tier basketball league in Ukraine. Figure skaters Oksana Grishuk and Evgeny Platov won the 1994 and 1998 Olympic gold medals as well as the 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997 World Championships in ice dance. Approximately 38,000 medals were awarded to servicemen of the Soviet Army, Navy, Ministry of Internal Affairs, and civil citizens who took part in the city's defense. Jacob Adler, the major star of the Yiddish theatre in New York and father of the actor, director and teacher Stella Adler, was born and spent his youth in Odesa. one of the founding fathers of Odesa, together with another Frenchman, Count Andrault de Langeron, who succeeded him in office. The exact location of this ancient Odessos is unknown, but modern efforts have attempted to localize it 40km northeast of Odesa, near the village of Koshary[uk], Odesa Oblast.,[16] near the Tylihul Estuary.[17]. The peculiarity of the ethnic composition of the population of Odesa region is its multinationality. [45] Its early growth owed much to the work of the Duc de Richelieu, who served as the city's governor between 1803 and 1814. Numerous sculptures can also be found within the grounds, as well as a musical fountain, the waters of which are computer controlled to coordinate with the musical melody being played. Experience moments of more at the soon to be launched Grand Hyatt Gurgaon - a dynamic lifestyle destination hotel in the heart of Gurgaon - the commercial hub of Delhi NCR. The city is also home to a university botanical garden, which recently celebrated its 200th anniversary, and a number of other smaller gardens. There are five deputy mayors, each of which is responsible for a certain particular part of the city's public policy. Odesans were and are viewed in the ethnic stereotype as sharp-witted, street-wise and eternally optimistic. Other routes of national significance, passing through Odesa, include the M16 Highway to Moldova, M15 to Izmail and Romania, and the M14 which runs from Odesa, through Mykolaiv and Kherson to Ukraine's eastern border with Russia. to the high level of service and the quality of services. These cavities can cause buildings to collapse, resulting in a loss of money and business. During the Second World War, the iconic building of the main station, which had long been considered to be one of the Russian Empire's premier stations, was destroyed through enemy action. The southwest has many orchards and vineyards, while arable crops grow throughout the region. The city hardly ever faces the phenomenon of sea-freezing. Odesa's oil and chemical processing facilities are connected to the Russian and other European networks by strategic pipelines. [67] The city suffered further aerial attacks on regional infrastructure facilities in October 2022, cutting off power to 10,500 households and injuring three people. The harbour remains accessible all year round and serves as a vital import/export channel for the Ukrainian economy. Yuriy Bazhal (born 1950), Ukrainian scientist, professor, academic. [4] Utochkin had challenged a steam-powered tram while running, on a bicycle he beat a galloping horse, while on roller skates he was passing a bicyclist. [citation needed]. UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names, city became the home of a large Jewish community, uniquely accented dialect of Russian spoken in the city, Odesa 'I.I. Shkiryak said that he suspected that these cities were singled out because of their "geographic position". The original 200 steps (now reduced to 192) were designed by Italian architect Francesco Boffo and built between 1837 and 1841. ", Creation and development of the city of Odessa ( ), The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR, "Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel Sophie Septemanie du Plessis, Duc de", "Travels in Russia, and a residence at St. Petersburg and Odessa, in the years 1827-1829", "Odessa, 1812: Plague and Tyranny at the Edge of the Empire", Odesa: Through Cossacks, Khans and Russian Emperors, "The Ukrainian Navy and the Crimean Issue in 1917-18", "The Southern Bug - Dnister Interfluve During World War II: Administrative Organization, Staffing and Statistics", " , '", "Ukraine clashes: dozens dead after Odessa building fire", "At least 35 killed in Odessa, Ukraine, as building set on fire", " 3% ", Two dead after Ukraine rocked by series of blasts, Interior minister's advisor says Kharkiv, Odesa explosions aim at escalating tensions in Ukraine, Bomb Explosion in Odessa Could Have Targeted Ukraine Army Charity Point, French Leader Urges End to Sanctions Against Russia Over Ukraine, Latest Explosion in Odessa Strikes Pro-Ukraine Organization (Video), Mysterious bombing rocks Ukrainian port city of Odessa, "Lithuanian Minister of National Defense", " ' , ", " , ' ", "Russia-Ukraine. "Odessa", a transliteration of the name in Russian, is the traditional English spelling of the city's name still used in the Lexico and Britannica dictionaries (but no longer in Encyclopdia Britannica)[18][19] as the primary name,[20][21] but "Odesa", the spelling of the name in Ukrainian, increasingly appears in dictionaries as the spelling for the Ukrainian city. ? This has, over the past few centuries, aided the city greatly in creating conditions necessary for the development of summer tourism. [4], A number of other notable people were born in Odesa, including the poet Anna Akhmatova, former NASA scientist Nicholas E. Golovin who worked with the Apollo program, composer Tamara Maliukova Sidorenko, and the founder of jazz in the Soviet Union Leonid Utyosov.[4]. Odesa today. Its Black Sea coast has numerous sandy beaches, estuaries and lagoons. Typically, for a total of 4 months from June to September the average sea temperature in the Gulf of Odesa and the city's bay area exceeds 20C (68F).[73]. [citation needed] The first metre gauge steam tramway line ran from Railway Station to Great Fontaine and the second one to Hadzhi Bey Liman. The coastal cliffs adjacent to the city are home to frequent landslides, resulting in a typical change of landscape along the Black Sea. [38][clarification needed], By the Highest[clarification needed] rescript of 17 June 1792 addressed to General Kakhovsky it was ordered to establish the Dniester Border Line of fortresses. In 2007 the Port of Odesa handled 31,368,000 tonnes of cargo. The Ukrainian general Nykyfor Hryhoriv who sided with Bolsheviks managed to drive the Triple Entente forces out of the city, but Odesa was soon retaken by the Russian White Army. Significant Bulgarian (6.1%) and Romanian (5.0%) minorities reside in the province. Odesa is served by a number of railway stations and halts, the largest of which is Odesa Holovna (Main Station). This university is the oldest in the city and was first founded by an edict of Tsar Alexander II of Russia in 1865 as the Imperial Novorossian University. Odesa's most iconic symbol, the Potemkin Stairs, is a vast staircase that conjures an illusion so that those at the top only see a series of large steps, while at the bottom all the steps appear to merge into one pyramid-shaped mass. Daily sales, according to the Ukrainian periodical Dzerkalo Tyzhnia, were believed to be as high as US$20 million in 2004. [76] Up until the early 1940s the city had a large Jewish population. From the middle of the first millennium the formation of the Slavic people began. When Felix decided that he was no longer able to provide enough money for the garden's upkeep, he decided to present it to the people of Odesa in 1806.[99]. The last of these institutions is a highly specialised and prestigious establishment for the preparation and training of merchant mariners which sees around 1,000 newly qualified officer cadets graduate each year and take up employment in the merchant marines of numerous countries around the world. It is said that thanks to its unique acoustics, even a whisper from the stage can be heard in any part of the hall. After planning by the official architects who designed buildings in Odesa's central district, such as the Italians Francesco Carlo Boffo and Giovanni Torricelli, Moldovanka was included in the general city plan, though the original grid-like plan of Moldovankan streets, lanes, and squares remained unchanged.[39]. [17]:13, In 1795, Khadjibey was officially renamed with the feminine name "Odessa" after a Greek colony of Odessos that supposedly was located in the area. The city of Odesa hosts both the Port of Odesa and Port Pivdennyi, a significant oil terminal situated in the city's suburbs. The territory of Odesa is divided into four administrative raions (districts): In addition, every raion has its own administration, subordinate to the Odesa City council, and with limited responsibilities. The third and last line of defense was organized inside the city itself. Practical joking is a central theme throughout, and Odesans dress in unique, colorful attire to express their spontaneous and comedic selves. Most of the city's 19th-century houses were built of limestone mined nearby. The City Garden, or Gorodskoy Sad, is perhaps the most famous of Odesa's gardens. [4] Utochkin managed to buy an airplane from a local banker and completed dozens of exhibition flights. [17]:5, The sleepy fishing village of Odesa had witnessed a sea-change in its fortunes when the wealthy magnate and future Voivode of Kiev (1791), Antoni Protazy Potocki, established trade routes through the port for the Polish Black Sea Trading Company and set up the infrastructure in the 1780s.[35]. Most of the atrocities were committed during the first six months of the occupation which officially began on 17 October 1941, when 80% of the 210,000 Jews in the region were killed,[52] compared to Jews in Romania proper where the majority survived. In: Schiff & Hafen, 7/2018, p 9; "Hamburger Hafenkonzern investiert gro in Triest" In: Die Presse, 29 September 2020. Some buildings are built in a mixture of different styles, including Art Nouveau, Renaissance and Classicist.[9]. Yedisan Crimean Tatars traded there in the 14th century. The Port of Odesa became a provisional headquarters for the Ukrainian Navy, following the Russian occupation of Crimea in 2014. Odesa's growth was interrupted by the Crimean War of 18531856, during which it was bombarded by British and Imperial French naval forces. Significant branches of the oblast's economy are: The region's industrial capability is principally concentrated in and around Odesa. Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: , romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Ukrainian: ) is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea.Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa (Ukrainian: ).Population: 2,351,382 (2022 est.). A survey conducted in December 2014 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found that 2.3% of the oblast's population supported their region joining Russia, 91.5% did not support the idea, and the rest were undecided or did not respond. By 1920 the Soviet Red Army managed to overpower both the Ukrainian and Russian White Army and secure the city. The tradition has been celebrated since the early 1970s, when the humor of Ukraine's citizens were drawn to television and the media, further developing into a mass festival. Odesa's many sandy beaches are considered to be quite unique in Ukraine,[citation needed] as the country's southern coast (particularly in the Crimea) tends to be a location in which the formation of stoney and pebble beaches has proliferated. [7] [38] The commander of the land forces in Ochakiv Oblast was appointed Graf (Count) Suvorov-Rymnikskiy. The city's location on the coast of the Black Sea has also helped to create a booming tourist industry in Odesa. (2006), pp. The maximum is 65 metres (213 feet) and minimum (on the coast) amounts to 4.2 metres (13.8 feet) above sea level. [citation needed], In 1881, Odesa became the first city in Imperial Russia to have steam tramway lines, an innovation that came only one year after the establishment of horse tramway services in 1880 operated by the "Tramways d'Odessa", a Belgian owned company. [40], In their settlement, also known as Novaya Slobodka, the Moldavians owned relatively small plots on which they built village-style houses and cultivated vineyards and gardens. Odesa is also a Ukrainian naval base and home to a fishing fleet. A number of scientists have lived and worked in Odesa. Key areas of business include: retail, wholesale, catering, production, construction and development, private label. Tavria-V is the most popular retail chain in Odesa. 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Stable commercial activity in this region in practice in the past required both security through the overland routes, and knowledge of where products could go overseas. [107] A Marshal of the Soviet Union, Rodion Malinovsky (18981967), a military commander in World War II and Defense Minister of the Soviet Union, was born in Odesa, whilst renowned Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal (19082005) lived in the city in 1934/1935. A series of wars between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, as well as the demise of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, allowed Russia to start to fully exploit the ancient Black Sea trade across the coastal area through the steppe across southern and eastern Ukraine, into the hinterland of East Central Europe. Experience the Grand Life at Grand Hyatt Gurgaon with our well-appointed rooms and suites equipped with modern amenities. The second and main line of defense was situated 6 to 8 kilometres (3.7 to 5.0 miles) from the city and was about 30 kilometres (19 miles) long. [citation needed] The city's Arkadia beach has long been a favourite place for relaxation, both for the city's inhabitants and its visitors. Grand Hyatt Gurgaon. [91] Trukhanov was again reelected in the second round of the 2020 Mayoral election of Odesa when 54.28% of the voters voted for him.[1]. Among most famous startups is Looksery[121] and AI Factory both developed in Odesa and acquired by Snap inc.[122]. He is best known for winning season six of X-Factor Ukraine and for representing Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018, singing the song "Under the Ladder". The most popular Russian show business people from Odesa are Yakov Smirnoff (comedian), Mikhail Zhvanetsky (legendary humorist writer, who began his career as a port engineer) and Roman Kartsev (comedian). Another intelligence agent from Odesa was Genrikh Lyushkov (19001945), who joined the Odesa Cheka in 1920 and reached two-star rank in the NKVD before fleeing to Japanese-occupied Manchuria in 1938 to avoid being murdered. Before moving to Moscow in 1922, he made quite a few acquaintances here, including Yury Olesha and Ilya Ilf (Ilf's co-author Petrov was in fact Kataev's brother, Petrov being his pen-name). [38] Near the new fortress saw the formation of a new "Vorstadt" (suburb) where people moved from Sucleia and Parkan. The city became the home of a large Jewish community during the 19th century, and by 1897 Jews were estimated to comprise some 37% of the population. [57], The city saw violence in the 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine during the 2014 Odesa clashes. In the 2001 census, Ukrainians made up 62 percent of the Odesa region's inhabitants, Russian 29 percent, Bulgarians 6.1 percent, Moldovans 5 percent, Gagauz 1.1 percent, Jews 0.6 percent, Belarusians 0.5 percent, Armenians 0.3 percent, Gypsies 0.2 percent, Poles, Germans, Georgians, Azerbaijanis, Tartars, Greeks, Albanians and Arabs each 0.1 percent, and 1.9 percent other nationalities. , during which it was an important trading Port and a naval base home... Are connected to the high level of service and the biggest tax payer defense of Odesa. 9... Spontaneous and comedic selves dress in unique, colorful attire to express their spontaneous and comedic selves minorities reside the. From the middle of the 13th century the city was linked by rail Kyiv. Of scientists have lived and worked in Odesa. [ 56 ] 20 in... 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